Description
The impact of stricter Specific Protection Goals (SPGs) for non-target arthropods (NTAs) versus the use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) in agricultural systems was examined in this study. The study explores how future regulatory requirements could affect crop management practices, ecosystem services, agricultural production and farm economics. Specifically, the study evaluated the impact of four SPG scenarios (below) in four key crop markets: Apples in Poland, Vines in Italy, Cabbages in The Netherlands and Winter Wheat in the UK.
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